How to Read a Diamond Grading Report

Understanding a Diamond Grading Report - Your Guide to Diamond Certificates

When considering the purchase of a diamond, it is essential to be well-informed about its unique characteristics and value. A diamond grading report, also known as a diamond certificate, is a formal document that provides crucial details about the diamond's quality and attributes.

Here's how to read and interpret a diamond grading report:

Diamond Details:

The report begins by listing important information about the diamond, including its shape, measurements, and carat weight. These details establish the basic characteristics of the diamond.

The 4Cs: The heart of the diamond grading report lies in the 4Cs - Cut, Clarity, Color, and Carat Weight. Each of these factors plays a vital role, in determining the diamond's overall quality and value:

Cut: The Cut grade assesses the diamond's ability to reflect light and sparkle. A higher Cut grade indicates a well-proportioned and brilliant diamond.
Clarity: Clarity refers to the presence of internal and external flaws, known as inclusions and blemishes. The Clarity grade evaluates the number, size, and visibility of these imperfections.
Color: The Color grade evaluates the absence of color in the diamond. Diamonds with less color are graded higher, with "D" being the highest grade, indicating a colorless diamond.
Carat Weight: Carat weight measures the size of the diamond. As the carat weight increases, so does the diamond's rarity and value.

image here (4cs-of-diamonds.jpg) (alt="4 Cs of Diamonds")

Finish and Proportions: The report includes information about the diamond's finish, which assesses the quality of the diamond's polish and symmetry. Additionally, diagrams illustrating the diamond's proportions, provide insights into its overall appearance and light performance.

Fluorescence: Fluorescence refers to a diamond's reaction to ultraviolet light. The report will indicate the presence and intensity of fluorescence, which can affect a diamond's appearance.
Additional Comments: The report may include any additional remarks or observations, made by the gemologist during the grading process. These comments can offer valuable insights into specific characteristics of the diamond.
Diamond Laboratory: The diamond grading report is issued by a reputable diamond laboratory, such as GIA (Gemological Institute of America) or IGI (International Gemological Institute). These laboratories follow strict and standardized grading procedures, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of their reports.

Reading a diamond grading report empowers you to make an informed decision when purchasing a diamond. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the diamond's quality and helps you understand its unique "fingerprint" of characteristics. Armed with this knowledge, you can confidently select a diamond that aligns with your preferences and desired attributes.

A GIA Diamond Certificate will contain the following information

1. DATE

The date mentioned on the diamond grading report, indicates the specific date when the diamond was examined and graded by the laboratory. This date is essential for referencing the report's accuracy, and ensuring that it corresponds to the specific diamond in question. It serves as a record of when the diamond's characteristics, including the 4Cs (Cut, Clarity, Color, and Carat Weight), were assessed and documented by the gemologist.

2. REPORT NUMBER

The report number is a unique identifier, assigned to each diamond grading report issued by the laboratory. It serves as a crucial reference point, and distinguishes one report from another, in the laboratory's extensive global database. This number is typically found on the top portion of the grading report, and is used for verification and authentication purposes.

With the report number, diamond professionals, jewelers, and consumers can access the specific, diamond's detailed grading information, through the laboratory's database. This helps to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the information provided in the report, and gives confidence to buyers about the diamond's quality and authenticity. Additionally, the report number allows for easy tracking, and traceability of the diamond's grading history, contributing to transparency and trust within the diamond industry.

GIA Report Check

IGI Report Check

3 IDENTIFICATION

In a diamond grading report, the identification section specifies whether the diamond is natural or lab-grown. This information is crucial, as it differentiates between diamonds that occur naturally in the earth, and those that are created in a laboratory setting.

For a lab-grown diamond, the report will clearly state that the diamond is "Lab Grown" or "Lab-Created." This ensures transparency, and informs the consumer about the origin of the diamond they are considering.

By providing this identification, the diamond grading report helps buyers make an informed decision, based on their preferences and values. Whether choosing a natural or lab-grown diamond, consumers can confidently select the one that aligns with their ethical, environmental, and budgetary considerations.

4. SHAPE AND CUTTING STYLE

The diamond grading report includes information about the diamond's shape and cutting style, which are essential aspects of its overall appearance and beauty. The shape refers to the outline or silhouette of the diamond when viewed from the top. Diamonds come in various shapes, each offering a distinct and unique aesthetic. Here are the most common shapes:

Round Brilliant:
Princess:
Emerald:
Cushion:
Asscher:
Oval:
Marquise:
Pear
Heart:
Radiant:

5. MEASUREMENTS

The diamond grading report provides precise measurements of the diamond's dimensions, which are crucial in assessing its overall proportions and visual appearance. The measurements are listed in a specific format for different diamond shapes:

Round Diamonds:

For round diamonds, the measurements are presented as "minimum diameter - maximum diameter x depth." This format provides the following information:

Minimum Diameter: The smallest measurement across the diamond when viewed from the top, usually corresponding to the diameter of the girdle (the outer edge of the diamond).
Maximum Diameter: The largest measurement across the diamond when viewed from the top, typically corresponding to the diameter of the girdle on the opposite side.
Depth: The measurement from the table (the flat top facet) to the culet (the pointed tip at the bottom of the diamond).

For example, if the measurements are listed as 6.50 - 6.55 x 4.00 mm for a round diamond, it means that the diamond's smallest diameter is 6.50 mm, its largest diameter is 6.55 mm, and its depth is 4.00 mm.

Fancy-Shaped Diamonds:

For fancy-shaped diamonds (non-round shapes such as princess, emerald, oval, etc.), the measurements are presented as "length x width x depth." This format provides the following information:

Length: The longest measurement of the diamond from one end to the other.
Width: The measurement of the diamond at its widest point, perpendicular to the length.
Depth: The measurement from the table (the flat top facet) to the culet (the pointed tip at the bottom of the diamond).

For example, if the measurements are listed as 7.00 x 5.50 x 3.20 mm for a princess-cut diamond, it means that the diamond's length is 7.00 mm, its width is 5.50 mm, and its depth is 3.20 mm.

Accurate measurements help buyers make informed decisions based on their preferences and desired diamond proportions.

6. CARAT WEIGHT

The carat weight is representing the diamond's mass and size. Carat weight is measured in carats. The carat weight is recorded on the report to the nearest hundredth of a carat, providing a precise measurement of the diamond's weight. For example, if the carat weight is listed as 0.95 carats, it means that the diamond weighs 0.95 carats, (approximately 0.19 grams.)

While carat weight provides information about the diamond's mass, the physical size and overall appearance are influenced by other factors such as the diamond's cut, shape, and proportions.

Understanding the carat weight listed on the diamond grading report, allows buyers to have a clear understanding of the diamond's size and weight, aiding them in making informed decisions when selecting a diamond that aligns with their preferences and budget.

image here (diamond-carat.jpg) (alt="Diamond Carat")

7. COLOR GRADE
The color grade providing valuable information about the absence of color in the diamond. Diamonds are graded on a D-to-Z scale, with each grade representing a specific range of color intensity.

image here (diamond-color.jpg) (alt="Diamond color")

D-to-Z Scale:
The D-to-Z scale is a standardized system used to grade the color of diamonds. It ranges from "D," which represents a completely colorless diamond with the highest purity and rarity, to "Z," which indicates a diamond with noticeable yellow or brown tint. The grades in between "D" and "Z" represent varying degrees of colorlessness, with the color becoming slightly more noticeable as it moves further down the scale.

Master Color Comparison Diamonds:
To determine the diamond's color grade, gemologists use a set of Master Color Comparison Diamonds, which are diamonds of known color grades, that serve as a reference for comparison. The diamond being graded is observed under controlled lighting conditions and compared to these master stones to determine its position on the D-to-Z scale.

image here (diamond-color-grading.jpg) (alt="Diamond color grading")

8. CLARITY GRADE

The clarity grade is providing valuable information about the presence of internal and external characteristics, known as inclusions and blemishes. The clarity grade is determined by evaluating the size, nature, number, position, and relief of these characteristics, as seen under 10x magnification.

Clarity Scale:

Diamonds are graded on a clarity scale that ranges from "Flawless" (FL) to "Included" (I1, I2, I3). The clarity grades are as follows:

image here (diamond-calrity.jpg) (alt="Diamond clarity")

10x Magnification:

The clarity grade is determined by observing the diamond under 10x magnification, which allows gemologists to closely examine the internal, and external characteristics. This level of magnification enables a detailed assessment of the diamond's clarity, revealing even minute inclusions that may not be visible to the naked eye.

9. CUT GRADE

The cut grade is a standard round brilliant diamond. It assesses the diamond's face-up appearance, design, and craftsmanship, all of which significantly impact its sparkle, brilliance, and overall beauty.

Cut Grade Scale:

The cut grade is typically graded on a scale that ranges from "Excellent" to "Poor." Each grade reflects the diamond's ability to interact with light, and create optimal sparkle and fire.

Sold by Lovinity™

Excellent: Diamonds with an Excellent cut grade have been precisely cut, to maximize their brilliance and fire. They exhibit exceptional light performance, and are highly coveted for their dazzling appearance.
Very Good: Diamonds with a Very Good cut grade, offer excellent light performance and visual appeal, although they may not quite match the brilliance of Excellent-cut diamonds.

NOT Sold by Lovinity™

Good: Diamonds with a Good cut grade, show respectable light performance and are generally well-cut, providing pleasing sparkle.
Fair: Diamonds with a Fair cut grade, have noticeable imperfections in their cut, leading to reduced brilliance and sparkle.
Poor: Diamonds with a Poor cut grade, have significant cut flaws, resulting in diminished light performance and overall visual impact.

Impact of Cut on Diamond's Beauty:

The cut of a diamond has a profound influence on its beauty and value. A well-cut diamond reflects, and refracts light with precision, creating a stunning display of sparkle and brilliance. Conversely, a poorly cut diamond may appear dull and lackluster, significantly diminishing its visual appeal. Because of the following information, Lovinity™ Only sell Excellent and Very Good Cut Lab Grown Diamonds.

image here (diamond-cut.jpg) (alt="Diamond cut")

10. POLISH

The polish grade is assessing the smoothness and quality of the diamond's surface. A well-polished diamond enhances its brilliance and ensures a visually appealing appearance.

Polish Grade Scale:

The polish grade is typically graded on a scale that ranges from "Excellent" to "Poor." Each grade reflects the quality of the diamond's surface polish:

Sold by Lovinity™

Excellent: Diamonds with an Excellent polish grade, exhibit an exceptionally smooth and polished surface. They have no visible polishing marks or blemishes, and contribute to the diamond's overall brilliance.
Very Good: Diamonds with a Very Good polish grade, have a high-quality surface polish with minimal polishing marks. Their smooth surface enhances their light performance and visual appeal.

NOT Sold by Lovinity™

Good: Diamonds with a Good polish grade, have a reasonably smooth surface, but may have some noticeable polishing marks that do not significantly impact their overall appearance.
Fair: Diamonds with a Fair polish grade, have noticeable polishing marks that may affect their brilliance and reduce their visual appeal.
Poor: Diamonds with a Poor polish grade, have significant polishing marks and blemishes that diminish their light performance and overall beauty.

Importance of Polish:

The polish grade is vital in ensuring that the diamond's surface is smooth, and free from imperfections that could hinder the diamond's ability to interact with light. A well-polished diamond allows light to enter, and exit the stone, with minimal disruption, resulting in enhanced brilliance and sparkle. Because of the following information, Lovinity™ Only sell Excellent and Very Good Polished Lab Grown Diamonds.

11. SYMMETRY

The symmetry grade is evaluating the exactness of the diamond's outline, and the precision of its facets' shape, placement, and alignment. A high symmetry grade ensures that the diamond's facets are well-proportioned and aligned, contributing to its overall beauty and brilliance.

Symmetry Grade Scale:

The symmetry grade is usually graded on a scale that ranges from "Excellent" to "Poor." Each grade reflects the quality of the diamond's symmetry:

Sold by Lovinity™

Excellent: Diamonds with an Excellent symmetry grade, have precisely cut facets that are symmetrical and well-aligned. The diamond's outline is exact, and there are no visible deviations or imperfections in the facet alignment.
Very Good: Diamonds with a Very Good symmetry grade, have well-proportioned and aligned facets, with only minor variations that are barely visible to the naked eye.
Good: Diamonds with a Good symmetry grade, have slightly noticeable variations in facet shape and alignment, but these do not significantly affect the diamond's appearance or light performance.

NOT Sold by Lovinity™

Fair: Diamonds with a Fair symmetry grade, have visible deviations in facet shape and alignment, which may affect the diamond's brilliance and overall appeal.
Poor: Diamonds with a Poor symmetry grade, have significant deviations and misalignments in facets, resulting in reduced light performance and diminished visual appeal.

Importance of Symmetry:

Symmetry is crucial in a diamond's overall appearance and light performance. Well-cut and symmetrical facets, allow light to interact with the diamond optimally, enhancing its brilliance and sparkle. Symmetrical facets also contribute to a visually balanced and appealing diamond, further adding to its desirability. Because of the following information, Lovinity™ Only sell Excellent and Very Good Symmetry Lab Grown Diamonds.

12. FLUORESCENCE

Fluorescence is a characteristic of some diamonds, referring to their response when exposed to long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light. The fluorescence of a diamond is assessed based on its strength and color, and it is typically described on the diamond grading report.

Fluorescence Strength:

The strength of fluorescence in a diamond can range from "None" to "Very Strong." The description of fluorescence strength on the report informs whether the diamond exhibits any visible fluorescence under UV light:

None: This indicates that the diamond shows no fluorescence under long-wave UV light.
Faint: The diamond displays a slight fluorescence, visible only under specific conditions and not significantly affecting its appearance.
Medium: The diamond exhibits moderate fluorescence, visible under UV light, but not always apparent under regular lighting conditions.
Strong: The diamond has strong fluorescence, which is visibly noticeable under both UV light and regular lighting.
Very Strong: This indicates that the diamond displays very intense fluorescence, which can be readily observed under regular lighting conditions.

Fluorescence Color:

Fluorescence can also have a color tint, typically appearing as blue, although it can occasionally be yellow or other colors. The color description is mentioned on the report, indicating the hue of the fluorescence when observed under UV light.

Identification Purpose:

It is essential to note that fluorescence affects each diamond uniquely, and its significance varies from one diamond to another. Some diamonds with strong fluorescence may appear slightly milky or hazy under certain lighting conditions, while others may exhibit enhanced brilliance and appear more vibrant. Lovinity™ Only sell NONE Fluorescence Lab Grown Diamonds.

13 CLARITY CHARACTERISTICS

The clarity characteristics refer to the types of flaws, or imperfections present in a diamond. These flaws can be internal (inclusions), or external (blemishes), and are a natural part of the diamond's formation process. Clarity characteristics are determined during the diamond grading process, and are recorded in the diamond grading report.

Inclusions:

Inclusions are internal flaws that occur within the diamond and can vary in size, shape, and location. Common types of inclusions include:

Crystals: Tiny mineral crystals trapped inside the diamond during its formation.
Feathers: Small fractures or cleavages within the diamond that resemble feathers.
Clouds: Clusters of tiny pinpoints or crystals that create a hazy appearance.
Needles: Long, thin inclusions that resemble needle-like structures.
Pinpoints: Tiny dots or points within the diamond.
Blemishes:

Blemishes are external flaws that occur on the surface of the diamond and can result from the cutting and polishing process or natural wear and tear. Common types of blemishes include:

Scratches: Surface marks caused by abrasions or rough handling.
Nicks: Small chips or notches on the diamond's edges or surface.
Polish Lines: Fine lines or streaks resulting from the polishing process.
Extra Facets: Additional facets added during cutting to remove inclusions.

14. INSCRIPTION

An inscription on a diamond refers to any text, symbols, logos, or a unique report number that is laser-engraved onto the diamond's girdle. The girdle is the outer edge or perimeter that separates the top (crown) and bottom (pavilion) of the diamond.

The purpose of diamond inscription can vary, and it serves several important functions:

Identification: The unique report number, or other identifying information inscribed on the diamond's girdle, allows it to be traced back to its corresponding diamond grading report. This ensures that the diamond's characteristics, and authenticity can be verified.
Security: Inscriptions provide an added layer of security against theft or fraud. The unique identification helps to prevent the swapping, or replacement of diamonds, as each diamond can be easily identified and authenticated.
Personalization: Some individuals choose to have personalized inscriptions, such as initials, dates, or special messages, inscribed on the diamond. This adds a sentimental touch, and makes the diamond even more meaningful.
Branding: In some cases, brands or logos may be inscribed on the diamond, especially for diamonds from renowned jewelry brands.

It's important to note that not all diamonds have inscriptions, and it is generally an optional service provided by some diamond suppliers, retailers, or laboratories. If a diamond has an inscription, it can be viewed under magnification, or with the use of special equipment to read the engraved information.

Diamond inscriptions are discreetly placed on the girdle, ensuring they do not affect the diamond's appearance, or affect its light performance.

15.COMMENTS

The "Comments" section in a diamond grading report, provides additional information about the diamond that may not be covered by the standard grading categories. This section allows the gemologist to include any unique, or noteworthy characteristics or features of the diamond, that are relevant for identification or evaluation purposes.

The comments may include:

Identification Features: Any distinctive or unusual features of the diamond, that can aid in its identification, especially in cases where the diamond has specific traits that are not common.
Special Inclusions or Blemishes: If the diamond has any exceptional inclusions, or blemishes that are worth noting, the gemologist may describe them in this section.
Notable Traits: This section may mention any unique characteristics of the diamond, that make it stand out or differentiate it from other diamonds. It could include information about unusual colors, fluorescence, or specific optical effects.
Custom Inscriptions: If the diamond has a personalized inscription, such as initials, dates, or messages, it may be mentioned in the comments section.
Additional Grading Information: In some cases, the comments section may provide further details about specific grades, especially if there are particular factors affecting the diamond's overall quality or appearance.
Special Requests: If the diamond grading was conducted, based on specific customer requests or parameters, these details may be included in the comments section.

The comments section adds valuable context to the diamond grading report, providing any relevant information that might not be covered by the standard categories. It offers a comprehensive overview of the diamond, making the report more informative, and aiding in its identification, evaluation, and potential future use. As with all aspects of a diamond grading report, the comments section helps buyers make informed decisions, when selecting a diamond that aligns with their preferences and needs.

16. PROPORTION DIAGRAM

The proportion diagram in a diamond grading report, is a graphic representation that illustrates the diamond's actual proportions. It provides a visual representation of how the diamond has been cut, showing the angles and proportions of its various facets.

The proportion diagram typically includes the following elements:

Crown and Pavilion Angles: The angles at which the top (crown), and bottom (pavilion) facets of the diamond have been cut. These angles play a crucial role in determining how light interacts with the diamond, and impacts its brilliance and sparkle.
Table Percentage: The proportion of the diamond's table (the flat top facet), relative to its diameter. The table percentage affects the diamond's overall appearance and light performance.
Total Depth Percentage: The proportion of the diamond's total depth (from the table to the culet, the point at the bottom of the diamond) relative to its diameter. The total depth percentage influences the diamond's visual size, and how light travels through the stone.
Crown Height and Pavilion Depth: The height of the crown (top portion), and the depth of the pavilion (bottom portion) of the diamond. These measurements impact the diamond's overall proportions and light reflection.
Girdle Thickness: The thickness of the diamond's girdle, which is the outer edge separating the crown and pavilion. The girdle thickness can vary, affecting the diamond's durability and appearance.

The proportion diagram helps diamond professionals, and buyers, better understand how well the diamond has been cut, and the relationship between its various facets. A well-cut diamond with balanced and precise proportions, is more likely to display exceptional brilliance, fire, and overall beauty.

It's important to note that not all diamond grading reports include a proportion diagram. When available, the proportion diagram can be a valuable tool for evaluating a diamond's cut quality, and ensuring it aligns with one's preferences and desired aesthetics.

17. COLOR SCALE

The Diamond Color Grading System typically uses a letter-based scale ranging from "D" to "Z" to represent the various color grades. The color scale helps diamond buyers, and professionals understand the range of color grades used to classify diamonds based on their absence of color.

The Diamond Color Grading System typically uses a letter-based scale ranging from "D" to "Z" to represent the various color grades:

D, E, F: These grades represent the highest level of Colorlessness, with diamonds appearing completely colorless or near-colorless. These diamonds are prized for their rarity and exceptional brilliance.
G, H, I, J: These grades are considered Near-Colorless. The presence of color in these diamonds is very subtle and often challenging to detect with the unaided eye. They offer an excellent balance of quality and value.
K, L, M: Diamonds in this range have a Faint hint of color, which may become more apparent when compared to higher color grades. These diamonds can still be attractive and budget-friendly.
N to R: Diamonds in this range have a Very Light hint of color, with the intensity of color increasing as you move down the scale.
S to Z: The diamonds from "S" to "Z" may display shades of Light yellow or brown, and their value is generally lower than diamonds in the colorless and near-colorless range.

The color scale on the grading report typically illustrates the different color grades in a graphical format, showing the progression from colorless to faint color to more noticeable color.

18. CLARITY SCALE

The clarity scale in a diamond grading report is a visual representation of the laboratory clarity grades and their relative positions in the Diamond Clarity Grading System. The clarity scale helps diamond buyers and professionals understand the range of clarity grades used to assess the presence of inclusions and blemishes in a diamond.

The Diamond Clarity Grading System typically uses the following grades:

Flawless (FL) and Internally Flawless (IF): These grades represent the highest level of clarity, indicating that the diamond has no internal, or external flaws visible under 10x magnification.
Very, Very Slightly Included (VVS1, VVS2): These grades indicate that the diamond has very minute inclusions that are extremely difficult to detect under 10x magnification.
Very Slightly Included (VS1, VS2): Diamonds in this range have small inclusions that are somewhat easy to observe under 10x magnification, but are often invisible to the naked eye.
Slightly Included (SI1, SI2): These grades represent diamonds with noticeable inclusions when viewed under 10x magnification. Some of these inclusions may be visible to the naked eye, depending on the diamond's specific characteristics.
Included (I1, I2, I3): Diamonds in this range have significant inclusions that are visible to the naked eye, and may affect the diamond's transparency and brilliance.

The clarity scale on the grading report typically illustrates the different clarity grades in a graphical format, showing the progression from flawless to included diamonds.

19. CUT SCALE

The cut scale in a diamond grading report is a visual representation of the laboratory Cut grades, and their relative positions in the Diamond Cut Grading System. This scale helps diamond buyers and professionals understand the quality of a diamond's cut,showing the progression from Excellent to Poor, which plays a significant role in determining its brilliance, sparkle, and overall beauty.

The Diamond Cut Grading System typically includes the following grades:

Excellent:
Very Good:
Good:
Fair:
Poor: